Mobile Broadband Possibilities considering the Arrival of IEEE 802.16m & LTE with an Emphasis on South Asia

This paper intends to look deeper into finding an ideal mobile broadband solution. Special stress has been put in the South Asian region through some comparative analysis. Proving their competency in numerous aspects, WiMAX and LTE already have already made a strong position in telecommunication industry. Both WiMAX and LTE are 4G technologies designed to move data rather than voice having IP networks based on OFDM technology. So, they aren't like typical technological rivals as of GSM and CDMA. But still a gesture of hostility seems to outburst long before the stable commercial launch of LTE. In this paper various aspects of WiMAX and LTE for deployment have been analyzed. Again, we tried to make every possible consideration with respect to south Asia i.e. how mass people of this region may be benefited. As a result, it might be regarded as a good source in case of making major BWA deployment decisions in this region. Besides these, it also opens the path for further research and in depth thinking in this issue.Comment: IEEE Publication format, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis

A Novel Derivatization Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Amlodipine Besylate Using Benzoyl Chloride

The present research work aims to develop a novel ultraviolet UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of Amlodipine Besylate using Benzoyl Chloride as a derivatizing agent, which is simple, rapid, sensitive, selective, and accurate method for the spectrophotometric determination of Amlodipine Besylate in powder form.  Synthesis is based upon the Schotten Baumann Reaction. In this method, derivatization of aliphatic amine group of Amlodipine Besylate carried out with benzoyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH).The λmax was found to be 237 and 226nm for assay of Amlodipine Besylate and synthesised product respectively. The linearity was found in concentration range of 1-10 μg/ml. The correlation coefficient (r2)was found 0.9985. The regression equation, intercept (a) and slope (b) was found as Y=0.0762x - 0.0077, 0.0077 and 0.0762 respectively. Method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, interday and intraday. The LOD and LOQ for estimation of Amlodipine besylate were found as 0.2367, 0.7178 respectively. Recovery of Amlodipine besylate was found to be 93.30%.The proposed method is found to be simple, rapid, selective and highly sensitive than most of the Spectrophotometric methods available in literature. Keywords: Derivatization, Ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Amlodipine besylate, Validation, Synthesis

Assessing vulnerability for inhabitants of Dhaka City considering flood-hazard exposure

Globalna opasnost od poplave postupno se povećava. Iako ih je nemoguće izbjeći, gubici i šteta od opasnosti (npr. poplave, cikloni i potresi) mogu se učinkovito smanjiti smanjenjem ranjivosti kućanstava odgovarajućim mjerama. Cilj ove studije je kvantitativno mjerenje ranjivosti kućanstava obzirom na opasnosti od poplave kao alata za njihovo ublažavanje. Također je predložen jedinstveni pristup za kvantificiranje ugroženosti kućanstava obzirom na opasnosti od poplave, a kao primjer predstavljena je primjena u gradu Dhaki sklonom poplavama. Podaci su prikupljeni i sa siromašnih i bogatih područja kako bi bilo pokriveno cijelo urbano područje te kako bi se usporedila razina ugroženosti od poplava. Ukupno 300 kućanstava anketirano je strukturiranim upitnikom na temelju pet čimbenika (ekonomskih, socijalnih, okolišnih, strukturnih i institucionalnih) ugroženosti od poplava. Analitički hijerarhijski postupak (AHP) primijenjen je za mjerenje pojedinačnih rezultata ranjivosti kućanstva korištenjem relativne težine varijabli i pokazatelja uz pravilnu standardizaciju. Analitički rezultati pokazali su da je 63,06% siromašnih kućanstava i 20,02% bogatih kućanstava vrlo osjetljivo na poplave. Uz to, ovaj je rad utvrdio i procijenio čimbenike odgovorne za ranjivost kućanstava u Dhaki. Što se tiče strukturne ranjivosti, rezultati su pokazali da je 82% kućanstava u siromašnim krajevima bilo visoko ranjivo, a 95,3% kućanstava koja nisu iz siromašnih četvrti bilo je umjereno ranjivo. Društveno, 67,3% siromašnih i 78,7% kućanstava koja nisu iz siromašnih naselja bila su umjereno i slabo ranjiva. Većina kućanstava u siromašnoj i nesiromašnoj četvrti (84%, odnosno 59,3%) pokazala je visoku i umjerenu ekonomsku ranjivost. Štoviše, za 69,3% siromašnih i 65,3% nesiromašnih kućanstava institucionalna ranjivost je bila visoka. Od stanovnika siromašnih naselja, 63,3% je bilo izloženo ekološkom riziku, a 78% staništa koja nisu u siromašnim područjima bilo je u kategoriji niske ranjivosti. Uz odgovarajuću prilagodbu ovdje predložen učinkoviti alat za mjerenje ranjivosti koji je ovdje prilagođen specifičnoj lokaciji, primjenjiv je i za mjerenje ranjivosti drugih gradova u svijetu. Na temelju ove studije moglo bi se provesti buduće istraživanje s više čimbenika, varijabli i pokazatelja ljudske ranjivosti na prirodne ili umjetne opasnosti / katastrofe. Budući rad mogao bi pružiti bolju sliku stanja ranjivosti od pojedinačne / višestruke opasnosti / katastrofe.Global flood hazard is gradually increasing. Though it is impossible to avoid them, losses and damage of hazards (e.g., floods, cyclones, and earthquakes) could be efficiently reduced by reducing household vulnerability with appropriate measures. This study aims to quantitatively measure the household vulnerability of flood hazards as a mitigation tool. It also proposed a unique approach to quantify flood-hazard household vulnerability, and shows its application in the flood prone city of Dhaka as an example case. Data were collected from both slum and non-slum areas to cover the entire urban habitat, and to compare their level of flood vulnerability. A total of 300 households were surveyed by structured questionnaire on the basis of five factors (economic, social, environmental, structural, and institutional) of flood vulnerability. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to measure individual household vulnerability scores by using the relative weightage of variables and indicators with proper standardisation. Analytical results demonstrated that 63.06% slum and 20.02% non-slum households were highly vulnerable to floods. In addition, this paper determined and assessed responsible factors for household flood vulnerability in Dhaka. For structural vulnerability, results exhibited that 82% of slum households were highly vulnerable, and 95.3% of non-slum households were moderately vulnerable. Socially, 67.3% of slum and 78.7% of non-slum households were moderately and low-vulnerable. The majority of slum and non-slum households (84% and 59.3%, respectively) showed high and moderate vulnerability with respect to economic vulnerability. Moreover, 69.3% of slum and 65.3% of nonslum household institutional vulnerability levels were high. Of slum inhabitants, 63.3% were environmentally at high risk, and 78% of non-slum habitats were in the low-vulnerability category. However, as an effective tool to measure location-specific vulnerability, it is applicable for the measuring vulnerability of other cities in the world with proper customisation. On the basis of this study, future research could be conducted with more factors, variables, and indicators of human vulnerability to natural or artificial hazards/disasters. Future work may provide a better reflection of the vulnerability status of single/multiple hazard(s)/disaster(s)

Studies on photoelectroactive (CdHg)Se films in different redox systems

411-415Electrosynthesis of (CdHg)Se films has been carried out on titanium substrate by electrochemical codeposition method. Photoelectrochemical characteristics of these films studied in different redox solutions reveal that I3-/I2 redox system is the most suitable solution for their characterization. Impedance measurements are used for the estimation of corrosion behaviour of the deposited films. The rate of corrosion is found to be comparatively lower when the electrodeposited films are tested in I3-/I2 redox solution. Photoaction spectral studies are used to study light intensity dependence on photoactivity and also in the determination of band gap. The band gap values of the electrodeposited films are found to be independent to the nature of redox solution

Percentage of antibiotic resistance and association with year among under 5 children with shigellosis from 2001–2020 in urban site (Dhaka hospital).

Percentage of antibiotic resistance and association with year among under 5 children with shigellosis from 2001–2020 in urban site (Dhaka hospital).</p

Percentage of azithromycin resistance in shigellosis, 2001–2020.

Percentage of azithromycin resistance in shigellosis, 2001–2020.</p